Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common childhood illness, aged < 5 years old, that is mainly caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and Enterovirus 71 (EV71). EV-A71 infection in young children can also lead to neurological complications, rapid fatal pulmonary edema, myocarditis, hemorrhage, and death. Three inactivated EV-A71 vaccines were licensed in 2016 in China. The first EV71 vaccine, which has been licensed in Thailand is developed by IMBCAMS. The phase III trials recruited 12,000 infants and children of 6 to 71 months of age. Children randomly received two doses of vaccine. Vaccine efficacy against EVA71-associated HFMD was 97.4% and the vaccine did not cause any serious adverse effects.